Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) are the most conventional techniques for metabolic profiling ( 8- 10). Investigation of complex metabolic systems such as disease mechanisms, toxic reactions, and genetic manipulations requires full analytical data sets. Metabonomics generates sufficient quantitative or qualitative metabolic data for analytical studies of biological systems ( 2- 7) and is originally defined as ‘the quantitative measurement of the dynamic multi-parametric metabolic response of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification’( 5). Therefore, celiac patients are at the risk of malnutrition, anemia and osteoporosis from which the anemia attributes to iron deficiency and results in declining red blood cell efficiency, and the osteoporosis may represent as fragile bones caused by lack of calcium ( 1).įull analysis of a living organism can be achieved by an integrated set of ‘omics’ approaches including metabonomics, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics in order to increase data complexity. Consequently, lack of vitamins, minerals, and other essential nutrients occurs. Intake of foods containing gluten promotes an immune reaction against the protein that damages villi of small intestine in celiac patients gradually. ![]() Celiac desease (CD) is a disorder caused essentially by body reaction to the gluten.
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